Viruses and Risks - Exploits - Virus Protection. Threat Spotlight: Trojan. Cryptowall. Trojan. Cryptowall is a Trojan horse that encrypts files on the compromised computer.
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- Internet Security Attacks at the Basic Levels. The Internet put the rest of the world at the reach of. has been subject to widespread security attacks.
Internet security attacks at the basic levels. Added by. Germinal Isern. URL. www.site.uottawa.ca/~ttran/teaching/csi5389/papers/Internet%2520Security%2520Attacks.pdf.
It then asks the user to pay to have the files decrypted. The threat typically arrives on the affected computer through spam emails, exploit kits hosted through malicious ads or compromised sites, or other malware. Once the Trojan is executed on the compromised computer, it creates a number of registry entries to store the path of the encrypted files and run every time the computer restarts. It encrypts files with particular extensions on the computer and creates additional files with instructions on how to obtain the decryption key. This threat family attempts to convince the user to pay money in order to get the key to unlock their files.
It uses a variety of different techniques in order to encourage the user to pay the ransom. More information on Trojan. Cryptowall is available in the Trojan. Cryptowall writeup.
Internet security is a branch of. use against attacks over the Internet. services for the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. The basic components of the.
Internet security - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security on a more general level as it applies to other applications or operating systems on a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the Internet.[1] The Internet represents an insecure channel for exchanging information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as phishing.[2] Different methods have been used to protect the transfer of data, including encryption and from- the- ground- up engineering.[3]Threats[edit]Malicious software[edit]A computer user can be tricked or forced into downloading software onto a computer that is of malicious intent. Such software comes in many forms, such as viruses, Trojan horses, spyware, and worms.
Malware, short for malicious software, is any software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. Malware is defined by its malicious intent, acting against the requirements of the computer user, and does not include software that causes unintentional harm due to some deficiency. The term badware is sometimes used, and applied to both true (malicious) malware and unintentionally harmful software. A botnet is a network of zombie computers that have been taken over by a robot or bot that performs large- scale malicious acts for the creator of the botnet. Computer Viruses are programs that can replicate their structures or effects by infecting other files or structures on a computer.
The common use of a virus is to take over a computer to steal data. Computer worms are programs that can replicate themselves throughout a computer network, performing malicious tasks throughout. Ransomware is a type of malware which restricts access to the computer system that it infects, and demands a ransom paid to the creator(s) of the malware in order for the restriction to be removed. Scareware is scam software with malicious payloads, usually of limited or no benefit, that are sold to consumers via certain unethical marketing practices. The selling approach uses social engineering to cause shock, anxiety, or the perception of a threat, generally directed at an unsuspecting user. Spyware refers to programs that surreptitiously monitor activity on a computer system and report that information to others without the user's consent. A Trojan horse, commonly known as a Trojan, is a general term for malicious software that pretends to be harmless, so that a user willingly allows it to be downloaded onto the computer.
Denial- of- service attacks[edit]A denial- of- service attack (Do. S attack) or distributed denial- of- service attack (DDo. S attack) is an attempt to make a computer resource unavailable to its intended users.
Although the means to carry out, motives for, and targets of a Do. S attack may vary, it generally consists of the concerted efforts to prevent an Internetsite or service from functioning efficiently or at all, temporarily or indefinitely. According to businesses who participated in an international business security survey, 2. Do. S attack in 2. Phishing[edit]Phishing occurs when the attacker pretends to be a trustworthy entity, either via email or web page.
Victims are directed to fake web pages, which are dressed to look legitimate, via spoof emails, instant messenger/social media or other avenues. Often tactics such as email spoofing are used to make emails appear to be from legitimate senders, or long complex subdomains hide the real website host.[5][6] Insurance group RSA said that phishing accounted for worldwide losses of $1. Billion in 2. 01. Application vulnerabilities[edit]Applications used to access Internet resources may contain security vulnerabilities such as memory safety bugs or flawed authentication checks. The most severe of these bugs can give network attackers full control over the computer. Most security applications and suites are incapable of adequate defense against these kinds of attacks.[8]Remedies[edit]Network layer security[edit]TCP/IP protocols may be secured with cryptographic methods and security protocols.
These protocols include Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS) for web traffic, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) for email, and IPsec for the network layer security. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)[edit]IPsec is designed to protect TCP/IP communication in a secure manner. It is a set of security extensions developed by the Internet Task Force (IETF).
It provides security and authentication at the IP layer by transforming data using encryption. Two main types of transformation that form the basis of IPsec: the Authentication Header (AH) and ESP. These two protocols provide data integrity, data origin authentication, and anti- replay service. These protocols can be used alone or in combination to provide the desired set of security services for the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. The basic components of the IPsec security architecture are described in terms of the following functionalities: Security protocols for AH and ESPSecurity association for policy management and traffic processing. Manual and automatic key management for the Internet key exchange (IKE)Algorithms for authentication and encryption. The set of security services provided at the IP layer includes access control, data origin integrity, protection against replays, and confidentiality.
The algorithm allows these sets to work independently without affecting other parts of the implementation. The IPsec implementation is operated in a host or security gateway environment giving protection to IP traffic.
Security token[edit]Some online sites offer customers the ability to use a six- digit code which randomly changes every 3. The keys on the security token have built in mathematical computations and manipulate numbers based on the current time built into the device. This means that every thirty seconds there is only a certain array of numbers possible which would be correct to validate access to the online account. The website that the user is logging into would be made aware of that devices' serial number and would know the computation and correct time built into the device to verify that the number given is indeed one of the handful of six- digit numbers that works in that given 3. After 3. 0–6. 0 seconds the device will present a new random six- digit number which can log into the website.[9]Electronic mail security[edit]Background[edit]Email messages are composed, delivered, and stored in a multiple step process, which starts with the message's composition.
When the user finishes composing the message and sends it, the message is transformed into a standard format: an RFC 2. Afterwards, the message can be transmitted. Using a network connection, the mail client, referred to as a mail user agent (MUA), connects to a mail transfer agent (MTA) operating on the mail server.
The mail client then provides the sender’s identity to the server. Next, using the mail server commands, the client sends the recipient list to the mail server. The client then supplies the message. Once the mail server receives and processes the message, several events occur: recipient server identification, connection establishment, and message transmission. Using Domain Name System (DNS) services, the sender’s mail server determines the mail server(s) for the recipient(s). Then, the server opens up a connection(s) to the recipient mail server(s) and sends the message employing a process similar to that used by the originating client, delivering the message to the recipient(s).
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)[edit]Pretty Good Privacy provides confidentiality by encrypting messages to be transmitted or data files to be stored using an encryption algorithm such as Triple DES or CAST- 1. Email messages can be protected by using cryptography in various ways, such as the following: Signing an email message to ensure its integrity and confirm the identity of its sender. Encrypting the body of an email message to ensure its confidentiality. Encrypting the communications between mail servers to protect the confidentiality of both message body and message header.
The first two methods, message signing and message body encryption, are often used together; however, encrypting the transmissions between mail servers is typically used only when two organizations want to protect emails regularly sent between each other. For example, the organizations could establish a virtual private network (VPN) to encrypt the communications between their mail servers over the Internet.[1. Unlike methods that can only encrypt a message body, a VPN can encrypt entire messages, including email header information such as senders, recipients, and subjects. In some cases, organizations may need to protect header information.
However, a VPN solution alone cannot provide a message signing mechanism, nor can it provide protection for email messages along the entire route from sender to recipient. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)[edit]MIME transforms non- ASCII data at the sender's site to Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) ASCII data and delivers it to client's Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to be sent through the Internet.[1.
The server SMTP at the receiver's side receives the NVT ASCII data and delivers it to MIME to be transformed back to the original non- ASCII data. Message Authentication Code[edit]A Message authentication code (MAC) is a cryptography method that uses a secret key to encrypt a message. This method outputs a MAC value that can be decrypted by the receiver, using the same secret key used by the sender. The Message Authentication Code protects both a message's data integrity as well as its authenticity.[1. Firewalls[edit]A computer firewall controls access between networks.